As you know I’ve been studying internal martial arts (part-time) for a few years now. It’s obviously a passion of mine - or I wouldn’t have devoted so much time to them - and I’ve kind of explained bits of it to various people over the years.
So due to circumstances explained in the previous post I thought I’d take the opportunity to talk about the subject in more depth. This will by no means be complete, as volumes of work have been written on the subject. Also keep in mind that the concepts described - especially the more esoteric ones - are experiential by nature. They may embody interesting philosophical concepts, but merely reading about or imagining them is a pale shadow of direct experience. Why write about them, then? Well, because they are just so darn cool.
What is an internal martial art?
All martial arts across the world can generally be divided into two types - external martial arts, the most common, include Karate, Tae Kwon Do, and Western Boxing. Internal martial arts are far less common, and include Tai Chi Chuan and Aikido. Note that this is not a strong distinction, as many arts contain techniques and training methods from both, and arts that claim to be purely one can often have techniques based on the other.
So what’s the difference? Most martial arts that you see on TV or at the movies are of the external style. They tend to emphasize generation of power by muscular strength, bursts of tension, and emotional aggression. Shouting, screaming “Hiii-ya!” Bruce Lee sounds or even growling can be common.
Internal martial arts generates power through physical and mental relaxation, emotional calmness, and deep, steady breathing. There is a huge emphasis on sensitivity and awareness - both your opponent’s and your own physical state. Therefore they are often practised very slowly and softly, and often it’s hard for the lay-person to tell that the practioner is even performing a martial art. This is further complicated by the lack of outward signs of hierarchy in an internal martial arts class. Generally there are no uniforms, grades or belts, and often no bowing between the teacher and students. The teacher/student relationship is less rigidly defined. Teachers are generally acknowledged to be “further along the path” than their students, and most are constantly learning and refining their skills - and given that internal arts can be practised well into old age - they will do so for the rest of their lives.
The Concept of Chi
The most fundamental point about internal arts is the concept of chi. Analagous to “ki” in Japanese arts or “Prana” in Yoga. Its where George Lucas got the idea for “The Force” in the Star Wars universe.
Chi is commonly misunderstood, particularly in the west and is prone to great exaggeration in movies and TV. It is often maligned as mystical superstition, but practitioners of internal martial arts have a direct experience of this in their own and their opponent’s bodies.
Next time : What is Chi?